Africa's Highest Mountains: Kilimanjaro to Ras Dashen

Africa's highest peaks

Africa's mountains span volcanic cones and long, rugged ranges. The continent's tallest point is Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, followed by Mount Kenya in Kenya and the Rwenzori Mountains on the Uganda–DR Congo border. These peaks showcase a range of climates—from tropical forest zones to alpine summits—and offer a variety of trekking experiences.

Kilimanjaro: Africa's roof

Kilimanjaro rises to about 5,895 meters above sea level. It is a dormant stratovolcano with several well-known trekking routes to the summit of Uhuru Peak. The climb is non-technical but altitude can pose a challenge; most trekkers spend six to seven days acclimatizing and reaching the summit through the final ascent at dawn.

Mount Kenya: Africa's second-highest

Mount Kenya stands at about 5,199 meters and is an extinct volcanic complex with multiple summits, including Batian (5,199 m) and Nelion (5,188 m). Popular routes include Naro Moru and Sirimon, with acclimatization days recommended for a safe summit push.

Rwenzori Mountains: The Mountains of the Moon

The Rwenzori range reaches around 5,109 meters, with Mount Stanley as its highest summit. Located on the Uganda–DR Congo border, the range is famed for misty forests, glacial lakes, and a backcountry trekking experience rather than technical climbing.

Ras Dashen: Ethiopia's highest peak

Ras Dashen rises to about 4,550 meters and is the highest peak in Ethiopia, part of the Simien Mountains. The trek involves rugged terrain and spectacular scenery, best undertaken during the dry season.

Other notable peaks in Africa

• Karisimbi: about 4,507 meters, on the Rwanda–DRC border, part of the Virunga volcanic chain.
• Mount Elgon: about 4,321 meters, straddling Uganda and Kenya, known for its caldera and diverse habitats.
• Additional high points occur in the Ethiopian Highlands, the Virunga massif, and other eastern African ranges.

Climbing experiences and planning

Africa's high peaks offer a mix of trekking and mountaineering experiences. Most routes on Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya are non-technical, though proper acclimatization is essential. The Rwenzori treks can be longer and more challenging, often requiring a guide and supported gear for glacier-era terrain.

Trekking tips and routes

• Kilimanjaro: popular routes include Marangu, Machame, and Lemosho. Altitude and weather variability mean a multi-day approach is best.
• Mount Kenya: routes vary from forested paths to higher alpine routes, with Batian and Nelion accessed by experienced climbers.
• Rwenzori: expect river crossings, boggy trails, and high-altitude marches with a guided trek.
• Ras Dashen: remote and exposed in places; a dry-season trek is typically more comfortable.

Best times to go and safety

Dry seasons generally offer the clearest weather and safer trekking conditions: Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya are commonly trekked in Jan–Feb and Jun–Oct; Ras Dashen and Ethiopian routes favor Oct–Mar; Rwenzori treks are best in the dry months. Always check current conditions, hire local guides, and prepare for altitude, cold nights, and rapidly changing weather.